کتاب Analysis and Design of Quadrature Oscillators

168 صفحه به صورت pdf

1 Introduction ................................................... 1
1.1 Background and Motivation . ................................. 1
1.2 OrganizationoftheBook..................................... 4
1.3 MainContributions.......................................... 5
2 Transceiver Architectures and RF Blocks.......................... 7
2.1 Introduction . . . . ............................................ 7
2.2 Receiver Architectures....................................... 8
2.2.1 Heterodyne or IF Receivers............................ 8
2.2.2 Homodyne or Zero-IF Receivers . . ...................... 10
2.2.3 Low-IF Receivers . . . ................................. 11
2.3 Transmitter Architectures . . . ................................. 15
2.3.1 Heterodyne Transmitters . . ............................. 15
2.3.2 Direct Upconversion Transmitters . ...................... 16
2.4 Oscillators . . . . . ............................................ 17
2.4.1 Barkhausen Criterion . ................................. 17
2.4.2 Phase-Noise . ........................................ 18
2.4.3 Examples of Oscillators . . ............................. 24
2.5 Mixers .................................................... 26
2.5.1 Performance Parameters of Mixers ...................... 27
2.5.2 Different Types of Mixers . ............................. 29
2.6 Quadrature Signal Generation ................................. 31
2.6.1 RC-CRNetwork ..................................... 31
2.6.2 Frequency Division . . ................................. 33
2.6.3 Havens’ Technique . . ................................. 34
3 Quadrature Relaxation Oscillator................................ 37
3.1 Introduction . . . . ............................................ 37
3.2 Relaxation Oscillator ........................................ 38
3.2.1 High Level Model . . . ................................. 38
3.2.2 CircuitImplementation................................ 39
3.3 Quadrature Relaxation Oscillator . ............................. 41
3.3.1 High Level Model . . . ................................. 41
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3.3.2 Quadrature Relaxation Oscillator without Mismatches . . . . . . 42
3.3.3 Quadrature Relaxation Oscillator with Mismatches . . . . . . . . . 46
3.3.4 SimulationResults.................................... 54
3.4 Phase-Noise . . . . ............................................ 56
3.4.1 Phase-noise in a Single Relaxation Oscillator . . ........... 56
3.4.2 Phase-noise in Quadrature Relaxation Oscillators.......... 60
3.5 Conclusions . . . . ............................................ 61
4 Quadrature Oscillator-Mixer .................................... 63
4.1 Introduction . . . . ............................................ 63
4.2 HighLevelStudy ........................................... 64
4.2.1 Ideal Performance . . . ................................. 64
4.2.2 Effect of Mismatches and Delay . . ...................... 67
4.3 CircuitLevelStudy.......................................... 75
4.4 Conclusions . . . . ............................................ 79
5 Quadrature LC-Oscillator....................................... 81
5.1 Introduction . . . . ............................................ 81
5.2 Single LC Oscillator . ........................................ 82
5.3 Quadrature LC Oscillator Without Mismatches .................. 85
5.4 Quadrature LC Oscillator with Mismatches...................... 89
5.5 Qand Phase-Noise . . ........................................ 92
5.6 Quadrature LC Oscillator-Mixer . . ............................. 96
5.7 Conclusions . . . . ............................................ 98
6 Two-Integrator Oscillator ....................................... 99
6.1 Introduction . . . . ............................................ 99
6.2 HighLevelStudy ...........................................100
6.2.1 Non-Linear Performance . .............................100
6.2.2 Quasi-Linear Performance .............................102
6.3 CircuitImplementation ......................................104
6.4 Phase-Noise . . . . ............................................107
6.5 SimulationResults ..........................................111
6.6 Two-Integrator Oscillator-Mixer . . .............................113
6.6.1 HighLevelStudy.....................................113
6.6.2 CircuitImplementationandSimulations..................114
6.7 Conclusions . . . . ............................................117
7 Measurement Results...........................................119
7.1 Introduction . . . . ............................................119
7.2 Quadrature Relaxation Oscillator . .............................120
7.2.1 Circuit Schematic . . . .................................120
7.2.2 MeasurementResults .................................121
7.3 Quadrature LC Oscillator . . . . .................................123
7.3.1 Circuit Schematic . . . .................................123
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7.3.2 MeasurementResults .................................126
7.4 Quadrature Oscillator-Mixer . .................................127
7.4.1 Circuit Schematic . . . .................................127
7.4.2 MeasurementResults .................................129
7.5 Comparison of Quadrature LC and RC Oscillators . ...............132
7.6 Conclusions . . . . ............................................135
8 Conclusions and Future Research ................................137
8.1 Conclusions . . . . ............................................137
8.2 FutureResearch ............................................139
A Test-Circuits and Measurement Setup.............................141
A.1 Introduction . . . . ............................................141
A.2 Quadrature RC and LC Oscillators .............................141
A.2.1 TestCircuit..........................................141
A.2.2 MeasurementSetup...................................142
A.3 Quadrature Relaxation Oscillator-Mixer . . ......................144
A.3.1 TestCircuit..........................................144
A.3.2 MeasurementSetup...................................151
References.........................................................155
Index .............................................................161